ABSTRACT: Studies show that soil organic carbon (SOC) decreases between 3 % and 9 % in degraded grasslands in tropical regions, mainly due to the absence of techniques to enhance carbon contribution to soils. This study assessed SOC stock change factors for grassland management, specific to the semi-arid region of Brazil. These factors may contribute to a better understanding of SOC dynamics and could be used to improve inventories on GHG emissions. In addition, they could be used for updating default factors used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This study considers both soil sampling and a literature review, and comprises 27 paired comparisons, where the dataset was analyzed using a mixed linear model. For the grassland in the Brazilian semi-arid region, the SOC stock is reduced by between 12 % and 27 % due to inadequate management, overgrazing, and edaphoclimatic conditions of the Brazilian semiarid. However, this depends on aspects, such as land use and soil layer, which represents substantially more severe losses than in other regions of the country. We also found that losses occur during the first five years after conversion of native vegetation. The results also indicated a trend for SOC stocks to recover over time, reaching 4 % after 30 years of use as grassland, probably related to the long period without soil tillage and the role of gramineas root system.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de fosfatos naturais no cultivo irrigado de melão orgânico, foram conduzidos dois ensaios em Petrolina-PE, sendo um em Argissolo Amarelo (PA) e outro num Argissolo Acinzentado (PAC). Foram avaliados os seguintes tratamentos: 1- testemunha (sem P); 2- 50 kg ha-1 de P2O5 na forma de superfosfato triplo (ST); 3- 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5 na forma de ST; 4- 150 kg ha-1 de P2O5 na forma de ST; 5- 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5 na forma de termofosfato; 6- 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5 na forma de fosfato natural de Gafsa, e 7- 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5 na forma de fosfato natural Fosbahia. O melão apresentou resposta semelhante às doses de P nos dois solos, cujas produtividades máximas de 26,00 t ha-1 e 25,46 t ha-1 foram obtidas com 107,6 kg ha-1 e 118,6 kg ha-1 de P2O5 no PA e PAC, respectivamente. A eficiência do termofosfato, fosfato de Gafsa e Fosbahia em relação ao ST assumiu a sequência de 86,2%, 77,1% e 71,9% no PA e 101,5%, 72,3% e 67,3% no PAC, demonstrando que o termofosfato é a fonte de fósforo mais indicada para ser usada no cultivo orgânico do melão. São necessários 843,12 kg de termofosfato para produzir 25.000 kg ha-1 de melão, o que representa 3,4% do custo de produção.

Aiming to evaluate the efficiency of natural phosphates in melon organic cropping under irrigation, two experiments were carried out in Petrolina-PE, one in a Yellow Argisol (PA) and other in a Grey Argisol (PAC). The evaluated treatments were: 1 - without P, 2 - 50 kg ha-1 of P2O5 as triple super phosphate (TS), 3 - 100 kg ha-1 of P2O5 as TS, 4 - 150 kg ha-1 of P2O5 as TS, 5 - 100 kg ha-1 of P2O5 as thermo phosphate, 6 - 100 kg ha-1 of P2O5 as natural phosphate of Gafsa and 7 - 100 kg ha-1 of P2O5 as natural phosphate Fosbahia. The melon crop showed similar responses to the P application in both soils, whose maximum productivities of 26.00 t ha-1 and 25.46 t ha-1 were obtained with 107.6 kg ha-1 and 118.6 kg ha-1 of P2O5 in PA and PAC, respectively. The efficiency of thermo phosphate, phosphate of Gafsa and Fosbahia in relation to TS assumed the sequence of 86.2%, 77.1% and 71.9% in PA and 101.5%, 72.3% and 67.3% in PAC. These results suggest that thermo phosphate is the most appropriated phosphate source to be used in the melon organic cropping. It is necessary 843.12 kg of thermo phosphate to produce 25 t ha-1 of melon fruit that represent 3.4% of the production cost.